.MONOSEX TILAPIA FISH FARMING
Background
:
Tilapia is a universal
fish that is considered to be the most important fish species of the 21st
century. Although tilapia was brought to Bangladesh from Thailand in 1984, it
is still in its early stages of cultivation at the stage it started to become
popular.
The gift variety of
tilapia is gaining popularity mainly due to the efforts of the Fisheries
Research Institute. The tilapia breeds very fast and increases the number of
fish in the pond with their young, so farming is not commercially profitable.
Male fish, on the other hand, grow relatively fast. Therefore, single
cultivation of monosex species (all males) of tilapia is a popular and
profitable method worldwide.Monosex male tilapia are usually produced by
applying hormonal foods to newborn tilapia larvae. At present, monosex tilapia
is produced from improved tilapia developed by the Super Tilapia and Worldfish
Center of the Fisheries Research Institute. The fast growing Thai Nemsai
variety of tilapia from SS Hatchery collects broodstock. This Thai tilapia
breed is 20-25% faster growing than other varieties of monosex tilapia found in
Bangladesh.
Importance
of monosex tilapia cultivation:
The Thai variety grows
faster than other monosex tilapia varieties found in Bangladesh. It weighs
500-600 grams in 5-6 months. The color of the fins is slightly reddish, the
size is very round, and the market price is high due to its thick thickness.
Farm management is easy and profit margins are high.
Pond
selection
For cultivation of
monosex tilapia, ponds with less mud and water for 4-6 months should be
selected. It is better if the nursery pond is 15-20 percent and Lalon pond is
20-100 percent. However, the size may be smaller or larger.
Pond
preparation
Unwanted fish and other
animals should be removed by drying the irrigation water of the pond. If there
is excess mud at the bottom of the pond, it should be removed. The bank of the
pond needs to be repaired and if there are trees on the bank, the branches
should be cut off Lime should be applied at the rate of 1 kg per cent. Water
the pond 2-3 days after lime application. After 3-5 days of lime application,
50 g urea and 50 g TSP fertilizer should be applied per cent. Fry can be stored
2-3 days after application of fertilizer in the pond.
Collection
of fry
Monosex tilapia fry of
Thai variety for pond farming can be obtained from SS Hatchery (website-
ssagrofarmbd.business.site) Hatchery. Pona should be transported in a polythene
bag with oxygen .
Monosex
Tilapia nursery management
Fry in the size of
0.20-0.25 g (5000-4000 fry /kg) are usually supplied from the hatchery. This
small size fry should be nursed in a nursery pond and if the weight is 10-15
grams then it should be released in Lalon pond.
Fry
stock
Nursery ponds can store
1500-2000 fry per cent. The fry have to be stored in the pond by adapting to
the water of the pond.
Food
application
In the nursery pond,
the fry should be fed at the rate of 4-5 weeks. # Monosex tilapia feed
application list in nursery ponds # Size (pona / kg) Application rate (body
weight) Application level
|
Fry
/kg |
%
Feeds |
Period |
|
l
-5000 |
100% |
4
times |
|
4000 |
75% |
4
times |
|
3000 |
50% |
3
times |
|
2000 |
40% |
3
times |
|
1000 |
35% |
3
times |
|
600 |
30% |
2
times |
|
500 |
25% |
2
times |
|
400 |
20% |
2
times |
|
300 |
15% |
2
times |
|
100 |
10% |
2
times |
After the preparation
of the pond, 250 healthy fry weighing 10-15 grams per cent should be stocked.
Food
application
After stocking of fry,
28-35% protein rich floating food should be applied in the pond every day as
per the mentioned table..
Other
management
Every 8-10 days, the
amount of food should be determined by observing the growth of the fish by
pulling the net. You have to keep a watchful eye on whether the fish eats food
regularly. After stocking of fry, apply 250 gm of lime per cent per month (lime
should be soaked in water and applied cold) or 150 gm of zeolite.
It is better to change
20-30% water every 15-20 days after one month of fry storage in Lalon pond. It
is better to check the water quality like water temperature, oxygen, pH,
ammonia and total temperature every 15 days. If the amount of ammonia
increases, the removal of ammonia using conventional aqua-chemicals will have
to be taken.
Monosex tilapia food
application list in Lalon pond # Size. Application rate. Application level (Fry
/ kg) (body weig100 10% 2 times
80 8% 2 times
80 7% 2 times
50% 2 times
40 5% 2 times
30 4% 2 times
20 3% 2 times
10-2.5% twice
Fish
extraction and production
The average weight of
tilapia in Thailand will be 200-250 grams in 3-4 months if cultivated in
semi-intensive method. You have to catch fish by pulling the net and drying the
pond. With this method it is possible to get 5-6 tons per acre in 3-4 months.
Tilapia
fish health / disease management
Although the disease
resistance of tilapia fish is high, the risk of disease is increased due to
high stocking density in farming ponds and contaminated water in the
decomposition of food residues, fish metabolic wastes and other wastes in
closed aquatic environment. Once a germ enters a farm, it is very difficult to
eradicate. Therefore, preventive measures should be taken before the germs
enter the farm. It is possible to reduce the risk of disease by taking the
following precautions –
Apply 250 gms of salt
and 150 gms of lime / zeolite per cent every 15 days after the onset of winter.
In case of outbreak of the disease, disinfectant should be used in the pond.
Mix 5 g oxytetracycline and 2 g vitamin-C per kg of food and apply for 10 days.
Other
necessary advice
The pond should be
observed 1 hour after application of food. If food is available in the pond,
then it should be understood that there is any problem in the pond / fish or
more food is being given. Many times in summer the water in the pond decreases
and as a result the water temperature rises. In this case, the required amount
of water should be given to the pond. In case of continuous cloudy weather or
excessive rain, the amount of food should be reduced or feeding should be
stopped.
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